[Pflienews] ID Conscience Clause moves along in state senate; PP rewarded with MORE tax $$$ by Obama; Healthcare 'summit' is show for pro-abortion bill; more...

Mon Feb 15 14:08:30 MST 2010

*PharmFacts E-News Update -- 15 Feb 2010 AD
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*

*/_ID CONSCIENCE CLAUSE MOVING ALONG..._/* 
<http://www.idahoreporter.com/2010/proposal-expands-right-of-conscience-to-all-health-care-workers/>

*
Planned Parenthood legal director teaches at Jesuit university's *...* 
<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&q=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm%3Fstoryid%3D5444&ct=ga&cd=KeRBiV0GxEo&usg=AFQjCNEa8Y9wAkCjj6_G_toN8EF9LAlgqA>
Catholic Culture
*...* Laura Einstein has sought to compel pharmacies to fill 
prescriptions for the morning-after pill, which can act as an 
*abortifacient*. *...
*Proposal expands right of conscience to all health care workers 
<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&q=http://www.idahoreporter.com/2010/proposal-expands-right-of-conscience-to-all-health-care-workers/&ct=ga&cd=RDicWz8hDj8&usg=AFQjCNER97gPE4zaDOMHtv78hD-Ggs1tYg>
Idaho Reporter
The expansion could protect those workers from dispensing drugs dealing 
with *emergency contraception*, end of life care, and treatment using 
human stem cells *...*
See all stories on this topic 
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.idahoreporter.com/2010/proposal-expands-right-of-conscience-to-all-health-care-workers/&hl=en> 

* */_
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*/_MORE FED $$$ FOR PP SURGICAL AND CHEMICAL ABORTIONS..._/* 
<http://news.google.com/news/url?sa=t&ct2=us%2F0_0_s_1_0_t&ct3=MAA4AEgBUABqAnVz&usg=AFQjCNEgfhv8VCnVFLYYxdf7b-lqJ7c4Kg&cid=8797499350040&ei=6Lh2S7jnD9n-lQe0r6P6Aw&rt=SEARCH&vm=STANDARD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizenlink.org%2Fcontent%2FA000012061.cfm>_/** 

**
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*Poll Shows 61% of Americans Say Scrap Pro-Abortion Health Care Bill, 
Start Over

Washington, DC (LifeNews.com) --* A new Rasmussen Reports poll shows 61 
percent of Americans say Congress should scrap the existing 
government-run health care bill that funds abortions 
<http://www.lifenews.com/nat5793b.html> and has other pro-abortion 
problems <http://www.lifenews.com/nat5862.html>.

They prefer the House and Senate to start over with a brand new bill 
that is less objectionable on abortion and for other reasons. The new 
survey, released Thursday, finds just 28% who think it is better to 
build on the health care plan Congress is currently considering. 
Fifty-three percent (53%) of Democrats say Congress should build on the 
health care plan that has been working this way through Congress.

Republicans (84%) overwhelmingly disagree and think Congress should 
scarp that plan and start all over, a view shared by two-thirds (66%) of 
voters not affiliated with either major party. Only 35% of voters 
believe Congress should pass health care reform before the upcoming 
midterm elections anyway. Fifty-four percent (54%) say Congress should 
wait until voters select new congressional representatives in November.

Other polls have found high number of Americans saying incumbent members 
of Congress need to be defeated. One major reason for this 
anti-incumbency attitude is the high level of opposition to the health 
care plan proposed by the president and congressional Democrats. 
Thirty-nine percent (39%) now approve of that plan, while 58% disapprove.

The emotion continues to be on the side of the opponents, too: The 
overall numbers include 19% who Strongly Approve of the plan and 48% who 
Strongly Disapprove of it. However, 41% still worry Democrats will 
railroad the pro-abortion health care bill through Congress.* *

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*Kyl: Health Care Summit is Show for Pro-Abortion Govt Takeover Bill

Washington, DC (LifeNews.com) --* A leading Republican in the Senate 
said today that the upcoming health care summit 
<http://www.lifenews.com/nat6002.html> the White House is sponsoring is 
merely for show. Sen. Jon Kyl, a pro-life lawmaker from Arizona, says 
the meeting is a show designed to garner support for the pro-abortion 
health care bill and not a legitimate attempt at bipartisanship.

Most Republicans have said they would attend the February 25 summit. 
Speaking on CNN's "State of the Union," Kyl a recent Wall Street Journal 
article that asserted House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) has "set the 
stage" for using reconciliation to force the pro-abortion bill through 
Congress.

"What that means is they've devised the process by which they can jam 
the bill through that the president has supported in the past, without 
Republican ideas in it," Kyl told CNN host Candy Crowley. 
"Reconciliation is not the process for comprehensive bills like this. 
It's for balancing the budget...

I don't know why we would be having a bipartisan summit down at the 
White House if they've already decided on this other process by which 
they're going to jam the bill through." Instead, Kyl called for 
redrafting the legislation from scratch -- another common request from 
Republicans and the public in recent weeks

------------------------------------------------------------------------

*/Holy See at U.N.: Solution to poverty found in population growth, not 
population control/*
Archbishop Celestino Migliore, apostolic nuncio and permanent observer 
of the Holy See to the United Nations, has told a UN commission that 
population growth, rather than population control, can help societies 
overcome poverty. Archbishop Migliore made his remarks on February 8 at 
a meeting of the Commission for Social Development of the UN's 
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, which is considering the 
theme of social integration.
http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=100341 
<http://ss.all.org/link.php?M=84895&N=646&L=4521&F=H>

*
*/*'Vegetative state' man responds to questions*
/A man presumed to have been in a vegetative state for five years has 
communicated with the outside world for the first time since suffering 
severe head injuries in a car crash, researchers said Thursday.
http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/04/vegetative.state/ 
<http://ss.all.org/link.php?M=84895&N=646&L=4421&F=H>

*
*/*Pig lungs in human transplants moves step closer*
/Scientists in Melbourne, Australia, used a ventilator and pump to keep 
the animal lungs alive and "breathing" while human blood flowed in them. 
Experts estimated the work could lead to the first animal-human 
transplants within five years. Dr Glenn Westall, who helped conduct the 
experiment, said: "The blood went into the lungs without oxygen and came 
out with oxygen, which is the exact function of the lungs. "It showed 
that these lungs were working perfectly well and doing as we were 
expecting them to do.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7148417/Pig-lungs-in-human-transplants-move-step-closer.html 
<http://ss.all.org/link.php?M=84895&N=646&L=4386&F=H>

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*PFLI note: Also see 
*http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/iperiodembry/carnegie02.html

http://www.lifeissues.net/writers/irv/irv_173californiaamendment.html

Dr. Dianne N. Irving, Ph.D., and Dr. C. Ward Kischer, Ph.D.

December 9, 2009

Bethesda, Maryland and Tucson, Arizona

*SCIENTIFIC RESPONSE TO CRITICISM OF THE CALIFORNIA HUMAN RIGHTS 
AMENDMENT AS "PROTECTING FERTILIZED EGGS"*

The California Human Rights Amendment, sponsored by the California Civil 
Rights Foundation, whose Founder and President is Walter B. Hoye II, 
states clearly that /all/ human beings are persons "from the beginning 
of their biological development -- regardless of the means by which they 
were procreated, method of reproduction, age, race, sex, gender, 
physical well-being, function, or condition of physical or mental 
dependency and/or disability."[i] 
<aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn1>  We fully support this statement 
concerning the civil rights of all human beings, which applies, of 
course, to even the most vulnerable among us, including the single-cell 
human organism, the human embryo immediately reproduced at the beginning 
of the process of fertilization.  A human embryo is a human being -- not 
just a "cell" or a "bunch of cells";  not an "egg", and not a 
"pre-embryo".  Yet it has been implied, even by the Attorney General of 
the State of California,[ii] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn2> 
that this youngest of human beings is not a human being, but just "an 
egg", or just "a fertilized egg".  This claim is not only ridiculous;  
it is also perpetrating erroneous and false science.

It has been known for over 125 years that fertilization results in the 
formation of a new genetically unique living single-cell human organism, 
a human embryo or human being at the single-cell stage.[iii] 
<aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn3>  This is not "new", and it is 
not a "mystery".  All one has to do is go to the library or on the 
internet and look it up.  Especially helpful and accurate are the 
/Carnegie Stages of Early Human Embryonic Development/.

In 1942, the Carnegie /Stages of Early Human Embryonic Development/ were 
instituted at the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Washington, 
D.C.[iv] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn4>  The /Carnegie Stages 
of Early Human Development/ are the basis for the /Nomina Embryologica/ 
which was part of the larger /Nomina Anatomica/ for decades until 1989.  
In 1999 the name was changed by the International Associations of 
Anatomists to /Terminologia Embryologica/ and /Terminologia 
Anatomica/.[v] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn5>  Their 
international nomenclature committee on human embryology, FICAT (i.e., 
Federative Interational Committee on Anatomical Terminology), consisting 
of experts in human embryology /per se/ from around the world, 
continually reviews the latest scientific data on human embryology, 
sanctioning that data that is scientifically correct, and rejecting that 
which is scientifically false or misleading.

For example, this international nomenclature committee formally rejected 
the false scientific term "pre-embryo".  As succinctly put by O'Rahilly 
(one of the originators of the Carnegie Stages) and Muller:

"The term 'pre-embryo' is not used here for the following reasons:  (1)  
it is *ill-defined* because it is said to end with the appearance of the 
primitive streak or to include neurulation;  (2)  it is *inaccurate* 
because purely embryonic cells can already be distinguished after a few 
days, as can also the embryonic (not pre-embryonic!) disc;  (3)  it is 
*unjustified* because the accepted meaning of the word embryo includes 
all of the first 8 weeks;  (4)  it is *equivocal *because it may convey 
the erroneous idea that a new human organism is formed at only some 
considerable time after fertilization;  and (5)  it was [used]* in 1986 
'largely for public policy reasons'* (Biggers).  ...  Just as postnatal 
age begins at birth, prenatal age begins at fertilization." (O'Rahilly 
and Muller 2001, p. 88)   ... The *ill-defined and inaccurate term 
/pre-embryo/*, which includes the embryonic disc, is said either to end 
with the appearance of the primitive streak or to include neurulation.  
*The term is not used in this book*..  (O'Rahilly and Muller 1994,  p. 
55)  ...  The term conception, however, may refer either to 
fertilization or to implantation and hence (like gestation) is best 
avoided."   (O'Rahilly and Muller 2001, p. 19).  (emphases added)

Likewise, the old now-defunct but still used "Biogenetic Law" is also 
scientifically inaccurate and rejected:

"/Recapitulation, the So-Called Biogenetic Law/.  The theory that 
successive stages of individual development (ontogeny) correspond with 
('recapitulate') successive adult ancestors in the line of evolutionary 
descent (phylogeny) became popular in the nineteenth century as the 
so-called biogenetic law.  *This theory of recapitulation, however, has 
had a regrettable influence on the progress of embryology* (G. de 
Beer).  ... According to the 'laws' of von Baer, general characters 
(e.g., brain, notochord) appear in development earlier than special 
characters (e.g., limbs, hair).  Furthermore, during its development an 
animal departs more and more from the form of other animals.  Indeed, 
the early stages in the development of an animal are not like the adult 
stages of other forms but resemble only the early stages of those 
animals.  The pharyngeal clefts of vertebrate embryos, for example, are 
neither gills nor slits.  Although a fish elaborates this region into 
gill slits, in reptiles, birds, and mammals it is converted into such 
structures as the tonsils and the thymus."   (O'Rahilly and Muller 2001, 
p. 16) (emphases added)

However, as noted, such false scientific information is obviously 
"helpful" when used to insert legal loopholes into laws and regulations 
(among other things).

Likewise, the term "egg" or "fertilized egg" that is used to imply that 
there is no human being present immediately at fertilization is also 
scientifically erroneous, as also noted in the Carnegie Stages.[vi] 
<aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn6>

For example, the 23 Carnegie Stages[vii] 
<aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn7> consist of the accurate 
scientific information on the developing human embryo, the human being, 
through 8 weeks post-fertilization.  Stage One is characterized by 
"unicellularity", from "first contact" of the sperm with the oocyte at 
the beginning of the process of fertilization through the formation of 
the zygote at the end of the process of fertilization.  There is no such 
thing as the "fertilized egg Stage".  The single-cell human embryo 
considered at this Stage is absolutely not just an "egg" or a 
"fertilized egg", but a new genetically unique living human being:

"Embryonic life commences with fertilization, and hence *the beginning 
of that process* may be taken as the /point de depart/ of stage 1.  
Despite the small size and weight of the organism at fertilization, the 
embryo is "schon ein individual-spezifischer Mensch" [definitely and 
specifically a human person] (Blechschmidt, 1972).  ...  Fertilization 
is the procession of events that *begins when a spermatozoon makes 
contact with an oocyte* or its investments and ends with the 
intermingling of maternal and paternal chromosomes at metaphase of the 
first mitotic division of the zygote (Brackett et al, 1972).   ...  
Fertilization, which takes place normally in the ampulla of the uterine 
tube i.e., *fallopian tube -- /not/ the uterus*], includes (a) contact 
of spermatozoa with the zona pellucida of an oocyte, penetration of one 
or more spermatozoa through the zona pellucida and the ooplasm, swelling 
of the spermatozoal head and extrusion of the second polar body, (b) the 
formation of the male and female pronuclei, and (c) the beginning of the 
first mitotic division, or cleavage, of the zygote. ... *The three 
phases (a, b, and c) referred to above will be included here under stage 
1, the characteristic feature of which is unicellularity*. ... The term 
"ovum", which has been used for such disparate structures as an oocyte 
and a 3-week embryo, has no scientific usefulness and is not used here.  
Indeed, strictly speaking, "the existence of the ovum ... is impossible" 
(Franchi, 1970).  *The term "egg" is best reserved for a nutritive 
object frequently seen on the breakfast table.*[viii]* 
<aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn8>  *(emphases added)

These accurate internationally documented scientific facts are then 
professionally required to be used by human embryologists in their 
textbooks.  For example, the following direct quotations make it 
absolutely clear that the single-cell human embryo reproduced at 
fertilization is not an "egg", or "just a cell", but a new genetically 
unique single-cell living individual human being:

Human development begins at fertilization, the process during which a 
male gamete or sperm ... unites with a female gamete or oocyte ... to 
form a single cell [embryo] .  This highly specialized, totipotent cell 
marks the beginning of each of us as a unique individual/. /(p. 18)  
...  The usual site of fertilization is the ampulla of the uterine tube 
[fallopian tube], its longest and widest part.  If the oocyte is not 
fertilized here, it slowly passes along the tube to the uterus, where it 
degenerates and is resorbed.  Although fertilization may occur in other 
parts of the tube, it does not occur in the uterus.  ... The embryo's 
chromosomes sex is determined at fertilization by the kind of sperm (X 
or Y) that fertilizes the ovum;  hence it is the father rather than the 
mother whose gamete determines the sex of the embryo. [Keith Moore and 
T.V.N. Persaud, /The Developing Human:/  /Clinically Oriented 
Embryology/ (6th ed. only) (Philadelphia:  W.B. Saunders Company, 1998), 
p. 37].

Human pregnancy begins with the fusion of an egg and a sperm. (p. 3);  
...  finally, the fertilized egg, now properly called an embryo, must 
make its way into the uterus  (p. 3);  ...   The sex of the future 
embryo is determined by the chromosomal complement of the spermatozoon 
...  Through the mingling of maternal and paternal chromosomes, the 
[embryo] is a genetically unique product of chromosomal reassortment .. 
[Bruce M. Carlson, /Human Embryology and Developmental Biology/ (St. 
Louis, MO:  Mosby, 1994 ), p. 31;  ibid, Carlson 1999, pp., 2, 23, 27, 32].

In this text, we begin our description of the developing human with the 
formation and differentiation of the male and female sex cells or 
gametes, which will unite at fertilization to initiate the embryonic 
development of a new individual. ...  Fertilization takes place in the 
oviduct [not the uterus]... resulting in the formation of an [embryo] 
containing a single diploid nucleus.  Embryonic development is 
considered to begin at this point.  (p. 1);  ... [William J. Larsen, 
/Human Embryology/ (New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1997), p. 17].

*O'Rahilly 2001 -- Table 8-1  Principal Features of Developmental States 
of the early human embryo:  Stage 1 -- Includes penetrated oocyte, 
ootid, and zygote.  Thus accordingly, the penetrated oocyte and the 
ootid (before syngamy) are characterized as an already existing human 
embryo at Stage 1 of development.  [*Ronan O'Rahilly and Fabiola Muller, 
/Human Embryology & Teratology/ (New York:  Wiley-Liss, 2001), p. 89].**

The same is true of the single-cell human embryo reproduced asexually 
(without the immediate use of sperm and oocyte), as we know happens in 
/naturally occurring human monozygotic twinning in the woman's body/, as 
well as in the laboratory..  Once the DNA in the cell/s are 
"appropriately organized", or in the same state as the DNA in the cell 
of the earliest human embryo, that new human being simply proceeds 
through the same developmental stages as those documented by the 
Carnegie Stages.  Strachan and Reed perhaps explain this most succinctly 
in describing one kind of cloning:

The term 'clones' indicates genetic identity and so can describe 
genetically identical molecules (DNA clones), genetically identical 
cells or genetically identical organisms. *Animal clones occur naturally 
as a result of sexual reproduction. For example, genetically identical 
twins are clones who happened to have received exactly the same set of 
genetic instructions from two donor individuals, a mother and a 
father.** A form of animal cloning can also occur as a result of 
artificial manipulation to bring about a type of asexual reproduction.* 
The genetic manipulation in this case uses nuclear transfer technology: 
a nucleus is removed from a donor cell then transplanted into an oocyte 
whose own nucleus has previously been removed.  ... The individual 
providing the donor nucleus and the individual that develops from the 
'renucleated' oocyte are usually described as "clones", but it should be 
noted that they share only the same nuclear DNA; *they do not share the 
same mitochondrial DNA, unlike genetically identical twins*. ... Wilmut 
et al (1997) reported successful cloning of an adult sheep. For the 
first time, *an adult nucleus had been reprogrammed to become totipotent 
once more, just like the genetic material in the fertilized oocyte from 
which the donor cell had ultimately developed.** ... Successful cloning 
of adult animals has forced us to accept that genome modifications once 
considered irreversible can be reversed and that the genomes of adult 
cells can be reprogrammed by factors in the oocyte to make them 
totipotent once again*. [Tom Strachan and Andrew P. Read, /Human 
Molecular Genetics 2/ (New York:  John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1999), pp.  
508-509]. (emphases added)

International agreement and documentation by the experts in human 
embryology and human molecular genetics make the following perfectly 
clear.  The new single-cell human embryo formed /sexually/ at the 
/beginning/ of the process of fertilization (when the sperm makes first 
contact with the oocyte) is a new living human being.  The new human 
embryo formed /asexually/ by various natural or artificial reproductive 
techniques (such as one of every two identical twins) is a new living 
human being.  They are not "eggs"

Dr. Dianne N. Irving, M.A., Ph.D.;  former career-appointed bench 
research biologist/biochemist, NCI, NIH;  philosopher and medical ethicist.

Dr. C. Ward Kischer, Ph.D.;  Emeritus Professor of Cell Biology and 
Anatomy, specialty in Human Embryology, University of Arizona College of 
Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.

*(SEE  ENDNOTES  BELOW)*

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[i] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref1>   CHRA, at:  
http://ag.ca.gov/cms_attachments/initiatives/pdfs/i840_initiative_09-0043.pdf

[ii] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref2> See, e.g., 
http://ag.ca.gov/cms_attachments/initiatives/pdfs/i840_title_and_summary_final_09-0043.pdf.

[iii] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref3>See  O'Rahilly 1994:  
*Wilhelm His, Senior (1831-1904), the founder of human embryology* [Fig. 
1-1].  ... [H]uman embryology is scarcely more than one hundred years 
old.  The first to study the human embryo systematically was Wilhelm 
His, Senior, who established the basis of reconstruction, i.e., the 
assembling of three-dimensional form from microscopic sections.  His, 
who has been called the "Vesalium of  human embryology*," published his 
three-volume masterpiece /Anatomie menschlicher Embryonen/ in 1880-85 
[His, Vogel, Leipzig].  In it the human embryo was studied as a whole 
for the first time*.  ...  A detailed /Handbook of Human Embryology/ by 
Keibel and Mall appeared in 1910-12.  Franklin P. Mall, who studied 
under His, established the /Carnegie Embryological Collection/ in 
Baltimore and was the first person to stage human embryos (in 1914).  
Mall's collection soon became the most important repository of human 
embryos in the world and has ever since served as a "Bureau of 
Standards".  Mall's successor, George L. Streeter, laid down the basis 
of the currently used staging system for human embryos (1942-48), which 
was completed by O'Rahilly (1973) and revised by O'Rahilly and Muller 
(1987).  (Ronan O'Rahilly and Fabiola Muller, /Human Embryology & 
Teratology/ (New York:  Wiley-Liss, 2001);  also, O'Rahilly and Muller, 
/ibid/., (3rd ed., 1994), p. 3.

[iv] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref4> National Museum of 
Health and Medicine in Washington, D.C., at:  
http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum

[v] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref5> The /Terminologia 
Embryologica/ and /Terminologia Anatomica/, which was published in 1999 
by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and 
is available for sale in book or CD-Rom format at:  
http://www.thieme.com/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage.tpl&product_id=144&category_id=13&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=53.

[vi] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref6> /Carnegie Stages of 
Early Human Embryonic Development/, Stage One, at:  
http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/collections/hdac/stage1.pdf.  As Swiss 
human embryologist O'Rahilly put it:  "In preparing this book, the 
authors have made full use of the *[Carnegie Embryological] Collection* 
and of the various published studies, whether by themselves or by 
others, based on what George W. Corner felicitously termed that "*Bureau 
of Standards*."  ...  Serious work in human embryology now depends on 
staging and the *internationally accepted system of Carnegie embryonic 
stages* (a term *introduced by the senior author*) has been adopted 
throughout."  (Ronan O'Rahilly and Fabiola Muller, /Human Embryology & 
Teratology/ (New York:  Wiley-Liss, 2001), p. ix).

[vii] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref7> See the full chart of 
the Carnegie Stages at:  
http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/collections/hdac/Stages_Table.htm;  
individual indepth scientific details of each Stage can be found at:  
http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/collections/hdac/Select_Stage_and_Lab_Manual.htm.  
To access even more scientific details, click into the "text book" at 
the bottom left of each page.

[viii] <aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref8> /Carnegie Stages of 
Early Human Embryonic Development/, Stage One, at:  
http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/collections/hdac/stage1.pdf.

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It represents thousands of pharmacists and many lay supporters
in the USA, Canada and all around the globe. For membership info, key
PFLI texts, PFLI archives, late-breaking news, abridged newsletter excerpts
or general information, visit the PFLI web site at http://www.pfli.org.
Or e-mail us at mailto:pfli at pfli.org.

*** We do NOT send out SPAM. To subscribe to PharmFacts E-News, just 
send an e-mail with the word
"subscribe" in the subject area or better yet, just enroll right from 
our main news page at
http://www.pfli.org;  to cease your subscription [although we can't
imagine anyone would!] self-manage your account at: 
http://pfli.org/mailman/listinfo/pflienews_pfli.org

*** You may contact PFLI at any/all of the following: Pharmacists For 
Life International,
PO Box 1281, Powell, OH 43065-1281 USA,  1-800-227-8359 [US & Canada only],
 +1-740-881-5520 [voice] or +1-740-206-1260 [fax]; e-mail us at 
mailto:pfli at pfli.org.

*** You can order our publications as well as begin/renew your 
membership or donate right on our
secure website at http://www.pfli.org/shop <http://www.pfli.org>. Click 
on the "PFLI Store" link on the toolbar and
follow the prompts! There you can also donate to PFLI as well as 
purchase a wide range of publications. 

* *

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